Genomic Selection in Wheat Crop Improvement: An In-depth Review

Abstract

The application of genomic selection (GS) in wheat breeding programs represents a paradigm shift in crop improvement strategies. Leveraging dense genomic markers and advanced prediction models, GS provides breeders with an effective tool to anticipate an individual’s breeding value without the costs and labor associated with extensive phenotyping. This review article provides an in-depth synthesis of current methodologies, practical applications, limitations, and emerging research gaps in employing genomic selection for wheat crop improvement. With a focus on balancing prediction accuracy and cost-effectiveness, the discussion herein is aimed at plant breeding professionals who possess an advanced understanding of genomic prediction models.