Impact of Climate Change on Coastal Ecosystems: A Focus on Salt Marshes, Mangroves, and Sandy Beaches

Abstract

Coastal ecosystems—in particular, salt marshes, mangroves, and sandy beaches—play a pivotal role in the maintenance of biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and protection against natural disasters. The accelerating impacts of climate change, manifesting through sea-level rise, altered precipitation patterns, and enhanced storm intensity, have significantly altered the environmental dynamics and structural integrity of these habitats. In this paper, we examine the mechanisms by which climate change is affecting these three vital coastal systems globally. Drawing solely from an established literature corpus, this research paper offers a detailed investigation of the principal processes driving habitat loss and ecological transformation. In addition, the paper evaluates resilience mechanisms and the adaptation and mitigation strategies that are being employed to protect these ecosystems. The outcomes are intended to provide a solid scientific basis for policymakers and academic researchers focused on environmental science.